These numerals also serve as pronouns and, in the case of unus, duo and tres, indefinite articles or adjectives.
unus (a, one)
masculine | feminine | neuter | |||
nom. | unus | una | unum | ||
acc. | unum | unam | unum | ||
gen. | unius | ||||
dat. | uni | ||||
abl. | uno | una | uno |
Example(s):
unus uir, una poma, unum templum.
(a man, an apple, one temple.)
duo (two)
masculine | feminine | neuter | |||
nom. | duo | duæ | duo | ||
acc. | duos | duas | duo | ||
gen. | duorum | duarum | duorum | ||
dat. | duobus | duabus | duobus | ||
abl. | duobus | duabus | duobus |
Example(s):
duo uires, duarum mulieres, duobus templis.
(two men, of the two women, by both temples.)
tres (three)
masculine | feminine | neuter | |||
nom. | tres | tres | tria | ||
acc. | tres | tres | tria | ||
gen. | trium | ||||
dat. | tribus | ||||
abl. |
Example(s):
tres iuuenes, tribus mulieribus, trium iugorum.
(two young men, to the two women, of three passes [in the
hills].)
(four) | quattuor | |
(five) | quinque | |
(six) | sex | |
(seven) | septem | |
(eight) | octo | |
(nine) | novem | |
(ten) | decem | |
(eleven) | undecim | |
(twelve) | duodecim | |
(thirteen) | tredecim | |
(fourteen) | quattuordecim | |
(fifteen) | quindecem | |
(sixteen) | sedecim | |
(seventeen) | septendecim | |
(eighteen) | duodeviginti | |
(nineteen) | undeviginti | |
(twenty) | viginti | |
(twenty-one) | viginti unus or unus et viginti | |
(twenty-nine) | undetriginta | |
(thirty) | triginta | |
(forty) | quadraginta | |
(fifty) | quinquaginta | |
(sixty) | sexaginta | |
(seventy) | septuaginta | |
(eighty) | octoginta | |
(ninety) | nonaginta | |
(one hundred) | centum | |
(two hundred) | ducenti | |
(three hundred) | trecenti | |
(four hundred) | qudringenti | |
(five hundred) | quingenti | |
(six hundred) | sescenti | |
(seven hundred) | septingenti | |
(eight hundred) | octingenti | |
(nine hundred) | nongenti | |
(one thousand) | mille | |
(two thousand) | duo milia | |
(three thousand) | tres milia | |
(thousands) | milia (but declines like the plural of mare and takes the genitive) |
Example(s):
mille milites ceciderunt.
(a thousand soldiers fell [on the field of battle].)
duo milia militum ceciderunt.
(two thousand soldiers fell.)
primus (a, one)
masculine | feminine | neuter | |||
nom. | primus | prima | primum | ||
acc. | primum | primam | primum | ||
gen. | primi | primæ | primi | ||
dat. | primo | primæ | primo | ||
abl. | primo | prima | primo |
Example(s):
primus uir, prima poma, primum templum.
(the first man, a first apple, the first temple.)
These numbers decline according to the first and second declension adjectives (bonus, -a, -um) just as primus has already demonstrated.
second | secundus, alter (see declension of alter) | |
third | tertius | |
fourth | quartus | |
fifth | quintus | |
sixth | sextus | |
seventh | septimus | |
eighth | octavus | |
nineth | nonus | |
tenth | decimus | |
eleventh | undecimus | |
twelfth | duodecimus | |
thirteenth | tertius decimus | |
fourteenth | quartus decimus | |
fifteenth | quintus decimus | |
sixteenth | sextus decimus | |
seventeenth | septimus decimus | |
eighteenth | duodevicesimus | |
nineteenth | undevicesimus | |
twentieth | vicesimus | |
twenty-first | vicesimus primus | |
twenty-nineth | undetricesimus | |
thirtieth | tricesimus | |
fortieth | quadragesimus | |
fiftieth | quinquagesimus | |
sixtieth | sexagesimus | |
seventieth | septagesimus | |
eightieth | octogesumus | |
ninetieth | nonagesimus | |
one hundredth | centesimus | |
two hundredth | ducentesimus | |
three hundredth | trecentesimus | |
four hundredth | quadringentesimus | |
five hundredth | quinqentesimus | |
six hundredth | sescentesimus | |
seven hundredth | septingentesimus | |
eight hundredth | octogentesiums | |
nine hundredth | nongentesimus | |
one thousandth | millesimus | |
two thousandth | bis millesimus |
None are declined and are only used in the plural:
singuli, -ae, -a (one by one, each)
bini, -ae, -a (two by two, each two)
Used as adverbs...
semel (once, one time)
bis (twice, two times)
ter (thrice, three times)
quater (four times)
centies (a hundred times)
millies (a thousand times)