The accusative

The accusative has two essential values, first as direct-object complement and second, the extension of the action through space and time. Italics note the accusative including any preposition.

direct-object complement:

Romulus condidit Romam. (Romulus founded Rome.)

 

Romam is the direct object of the verb, condo (I establish).

 

extension of space and time:

In Italiam Aeneas peruenit. (Aeneas reached Italy.)

 

Intactum multos annos intactum permansit Forum. (The Forum survived whole for many years.)

 

Romulus multos annos regnauit. (Romulus ruled for many years.)